Short Answer- Class-10-Civics- Chapter 2: Federalism

Short Answer- Class-10-Civics- Chapter 2: Federalism

Q1. Describe the three-fold distribution of legislative power between the Union Government and State Governments of India.

Ans :The three-fold distribution of legislative powers:

a. Union list: Union lists consist of 97 subjects. It includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency.

b. State list: State list consists of 66 subjects. It contains subjects of state and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.

c. Concurrent list: Concurrent list consist of 47 subjects It includes subjects of common interest to both such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession.

Q2. Q8. Highlight three major distinctions between the federations of ‘coming together’ type and ‘holding together’ type.

Ans : 

Holding Together Federation:

a. Large country decides to divide its power between states and the centre.

b. Central government tends to be more powerful.

 c. Federating units have unequal power.

d. India, Spain, Belgium.

Coming Together Federation

a. Independent states coming together on their own to form a bigger unit.

b. All the states have equal power and are strong.

c. By pooling sovereignty and retaining identity; they increase their security. d. U.S.A., Switzerland, Australia

Q3. “India has a large cultural, regional and religious diversity. But there is unity among people”. What factors are responsible for this? Elaborate.

Ans :

a. Right to equality.

b. No discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, region or religion.

c. SCs & STs have some seats reserved and do get representation.

d. Right to freedom of religion and cultural and educational rights.

Q4. Describe any three provisions of amendment made in Indian constitution in 1992 for making. ‘Three-Tier’ government more effective and powerful.

Ans : a. Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.

 b. Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.

 c. At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.

d. An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.

e. The state governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies.

Q5. What is a Gram Sabha? Describe any four functions of a Gram Sabha. 

Ans : Gram Sabha: A body comprising of all adult members of a village or a group of villages Functions of Gram Sabha are:

a. It elects the members of the Gram Panchayat.

b. The Gram Sabha supervises the work of the village panchayat.

c. It approves the annual budget of the panchayat. d. It reviews the performance of the Gram Panchayat.

Q6. How is a federal government different from the unitary form of government?

Ans : Difference: a. Unitary government has only one level of government whereas a federal government has two or more levels of government.

b. In unitary government, the sub-units are subordinate to the centre, whereas in a federation, central government j cannot encroach on the rights of state governments.

c. In unitary system, centre can order the sub-units which cannot happen in federation.