Short answer -Class-10-Civics- Chapter 1 : Power Sharing

Short answer -Class-10-Civics- Chapter 1 : Power Sharing

Q1. Explain how power is shared among different organs of the government.

Ans : Power is shared among different organs of government i.e., Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

Legislature: The legislature is concerned with passing the laws, controlling the finances of the state and delivering on matter of public importance.

b. Executive: The executive machinery implements the policies of the government and executes the rules made by the legislature bodies.

c. Judiciary: The judiciary is concerned with the interpretation of the laws and has the power to punish those who commit crimes or break the laws. The judiciary can also check the functioning of the executives.

Q2. Describe horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracies.

Aspect	Horizontal Power-Sharing	Vertical Power-Sharing
Definition	Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary.	Power can be shared among governments at different levels.
Allocation of Power	Constitution has granted power to each level has its power of partition.	From a more substantial level, control is experienced in order to reduce the level of administration.
Checks and Balances	The concepts of checks and balances are indicated in the Horizontal Division Of Power.	The Depth of Democracy empowers the Vertical Division of Power.

Q3. Explain any three consequences of the majoritarian policies adopted by the Sri Lankan Government.

Ans : Consequences of majoritarian policies adopted by Sri Lankan Government were:

a. Tamils felt the government was not sensitive about Tamil language and culture because Sinhala was declared the official language.

b. Tamils felt discriminated against securing jobs and education which were given preferentially to the Sinhala speakers.

c. Tamils felt the government was practising religious discrimination because the State fostered Buddhism. Relations between Tamils and Sinhalese became strained.

Q4. What were the reasons for the alienation of Sri Lankan Tamils? What was the effect of this on the country?

Ans : Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated because:

1. Government adopted majoritarian measure to establish Sinhala Supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language thus disregarding Tamil.

2. The governments followed preferential politics that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.

3. A new Constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.

4. Sri Lankan Tamils felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders were sensitive to their language and culture.

5. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained overtime and it soon turned into a Civil War.

Q5. Explain the vertical division of power giving example from India.

Ans : Vertical division of power: Vertical division of power means sharing of power among governments at different levels.

In India, there are three levels of the government:

a. For the entire country: Central Government/ Union Government.

b. At the provincial level: State Governments.

c. At the local level (i.e., rural and urban): Local self governments like panchayats and municipal councils.

Q6. Explain any three elements of the Belgium model of power sharing.

Ans : The main elements of the Belgium model of power sharing includes:

a. Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.

b. Many powers of the Central Government have been given to State Governments of the two regions of the country. The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.

c. Brussels had a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.