Long Answer-Class 10 – Social Science – History -Chapter 3: The Making of Global World

Class 10 – Social Science – History -Long Answer-Chapter 3: The Making of Global World

Q1. What was the impact of technology on food availability?

Ans : Railways, ports, harbours and settlements were developed in America and Australia for the smooth supply of food stuffs and for the industrial raw materials.

Now the food was grown by the low paid agricultural workers and transported from thousands of miles through railways and ships.

To solve the problems of this meat trade, refrigerated ships were developed for carrying these for a longer distance. The animals were slaughtered at the starting point and then transported as frozen meat to Europe which solved the problems of space, shipping cost and the price of the meat in the European market.

As the price of the meat reduced in the market, the European poor could also consume butter, eggs and meat which helped in better living conditions and social peace in the country.

Q2. How did the Great Depression of 1929 affect the farmers and the middle classes in India in different ways?

 Ans : The great depression of US also affected India severely. The exports and imports fell down almost by 50%.

a. The peasants who were producing for the world market were hit hard than the urban dwellers because of the sharp decline in the price of the agricultural products in the international market and also the colonial government refused to reduce the revenue.

b. The jute producers of Bengal fell into debt due to the collapse of the gunny exports and decline in the price of the raw jute. To come out of the situation of indebtedness, Indian peasants used their savings, mortgaged lands and sold their jewellery and precious metals.

c. During this depression period, India became an important exporter of Gold which helped Britain to speed up its recovery and also helped in promoting the global economic recovery.

d. The urban India people were not much affected as their income was fixed. Either they were dependent on rental income or they were salaried employees.

Q3. Describe briefly the effects of rinderpest in Africa in the 1890s.

Ans : Rinderpest was a disease of cattle plague spreading Fastly in Africa in the 1880s. It had terrible impact on the livelihood and the local economy in Africa.

This disease was carried by the infected cattle which were imported from the British Asia in order to feed the Italian soldiers who were deputed for invading Eritrea in the east Africa.

Rinderpest spread from the east Africa to the West Africa and reached the Atlantic coast of Africa in the year 1892 and the southernmost tip of Africa (the Cape) in 1897.

Along the way from East to West Africa this rinderpest killed 90% of the cattle which destroyed the livelihoods of the Africans.

Now the leftover or scarce cattle was monopolized by the planters, mine owners and the colonial governments. This incident helped the European powers to conquer and subdue Africa and easily forced the Africans into the labour market.

Q4. How did the global transfer of disease in pre-modern world helped in colonisation of the Americas?

Ans : The Portuguese and the Spanish conquered America not just with the conventional military weapons but also with the germs such as the small pox.

The small pox was carried on their person (Spanish invaders were immune to this disease) to America for which the American Indians were not immune to and proved a deadly weapon as it killed the whole community there.

These diseases could not be bought or captured and turned against the European invaders unlike the guns and other conventional weapons.

Q5. Explain giving examples, the role played by technological inventions in transforming 19th century world.

Ans : Railways, ports, harbours and settlements were developed in America and Australia for the smooth supply of food stuffs and for the industrial raw materials.

A network of irrigation canals was built in India in the Punjab region for converting the semi-arid wastelands into fertile cultivable lands.

All these developments throughout the world was possible due to the development in technologies such as railways, steamships, telegraph etc. which were the results of socio-economic and political factors.

Improvement in faster means of transport for the quicker delivery of goods and people from the supply areas to the demand areas. To solve the problems of meat trade, refrigerated ships were developed for carrying these for a longer distance.

The animals were slaughtered at the starting point and then transported as frozen meat to Europe which solved the problems of space, shipping cost and the price of the meat in the European market.