Short Answer-Class 10 – Social Science – History -Chapter 3: The Making of Global World

Class 10 – Social Science – History -Short Answer-Chapter 3: The Making of Global World

Q1. Explain three effects of the abolition of Corn Laws.

Ans : The three effects of the abolition of the Corn Laws were:

a. It led to the movement of people to the cities and overseas.

b. The imported corn was much cheaper which the British farmers were unable to compete.

c. As a result they either left the cultivation or were thrown out of the farm.

Q2. Describe in brief the destruction caused during the Second World War. 

 Ans : The Second World War took place from 1939 to 1945 between the Axis powers (which included Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (which included Britain, France, Soviet Union and US).

 60 million people were killed and millions were injured in this war in which civilian deaths were more than the soldiers.

 Many European and Asian cities were destroyed due to the aerial bombardment and artillery attacks.

This war had caused great social and economic fracture. The post war 1 reconstruction was long and difficult.

Q3. Define trade surplus. Why did Britain have a trade surplus with India? 

Ans : Trade surplus is a condition in which the value of export exceeds the value of import. Earlier, India was the main exporter of fine cotton to Britain but when the British cotton industries began to expand after the industrialisation they put pressure on the government to restrict the import of cotton to Britain.

As a result, tariffs were imposed on the import of cotton cloth from India which protected the local manufacturers in Britain and thus the inflow of the fine cotton from India declined.

 Even though Britain had a trade surplus with India which means that the value of British exports to India was more than the value of British imports from India.

Q4. Explain any three types of flows within the international economy in exchanges.

Ans : There were three types of movements or flows noticed by the economist in the international market.

a. Flow of trade in which there was large scale trade of goods such as clothes and food stuffs.

b. Flow of labour in which the people migrated from one place to another in large numbers in search of employment.

c. Flow of capital in which capital moved over long distances for short term or long term investments.

Q5. How did the withdrawal of US loans during the phase of the Great Depression affect the rest of the world? Explain in three points.

Ans : During the First World War, the US financed through loans a number of countries. The withdrawal of US loans affected the rest of the world in the following three ways:

a. It caused the failure of some major banks and collapse of currencies in Europe.

b. The banks in US slashed domestic lending and called back loans but many households were unable to repay the loan due to decline in sale of agricultural products.

c. Collapse of business and falling income which finally resulted into collapse of the US banking system. To protect its economy, the US doubled the import duties which led to another severe blow to the world trade.

Q6. Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before.

Ans : There was no other war earlier like the First World War because of the following reasons:

 a. The First World War which took place mainly in Europe from 1914 to 1918 had a profound impact on economic and political stability which took over three decades to overcome,

b. The leading industrial nations of the world were taking part, they wanted to harness the vast powers of the modern industries for the greatest possible destructions. Modern weapons like tanks, aircrafts, machine guns and chemical weapons were used, large ships and trains were used to move the recruited soldiers.

c. Around 9 million died and 20 million injured, the industries were restructured to produce war-related goods and also the societies were reorganized for war.

Q7. Describe any three problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in the nineteenth century.

Ans : The three problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in the nineteenth century were:

a. Earlier, India was the main exporter of fine cotton to Britain but when the British cotton industries began to expand after industrialisation, they put pressure on the government to restrict the import of cotton to Britain.

b. As a result, tariffs were imposed on the import of cotton cloth from India which protected the local manufacturers in Britain.

c. Thus the inflow of the fine cotton from India declined.

Q8. Describe the circumstances responsible for the formation of G-77.

Ans : The developing countries were not benefitted from the fast growing western economies so they organized together and formed a Group of 77 which is commonly referred to as G-77 and demanded a new international economic order.

Their demand for NIEO was to get the real control over their own natural resources, development assistance, and fairer prices for the raw materials and access for their manufactured goods in the markets of the developed nations.

Q9. “China became an attractive destination for investment by foreign MNCs in the nineteenth and twentieth century.” Justify the statement.

Ans : It is true to say that in the 19th and 20th century, China became an attractive destination for investment by the foreign MNCs. This is due to the following reasons:

a. MNCs shifted their production units to low wage countries like China by the late 1870s.

b. Due to the highly skilled people in large numbers it was easy to get the skilled labour at low cost in China.

c. The new economic policy in China and better opportunity for the MNCs to maximize their profit also played an important role in this.

Q10. Explain the impact of First World War on the British economy.

 Ans : The First World War which took place mainly in Europe from 1914 to 1918 had ; a profound impact on the economy of Britain.

a. The large scale deaths and injuries in the First World War reduced the working age people in Europe, declined the family income and the women had to undertake jobs to run the family.

b. During the First World War the US became the international creditor from being international debtor because, to finance the war, Britain borrowed huge sums of money from the US banks and US public.

c. The debt mounted and thus Britain was not able to produce goods for exports.