Very Short Answer- Class 10 – Social Science – History -Chapter 2 : Nationalism in India

Class 10 – Social Science – History -Very Short Answer- Chapter 2 : Nationalism in India

Q1. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the NonCooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain any three reasons.

Ans :  Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 due to the following three reasons:

a. The Non-Cooperation Movement was turning violent in many places.

b. To train the Satyagrahis for mass struggle, (c) Some of the Congress leaders were not willing to continue the non-cooperation because they were tired of the mass struggle, wanted to participate in the council elections and they wanted to criticize the British policies within the council.

Q2. How did the ‘Salt March’ become the base to begin the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’? Explain.

Ans : The ‘Salt March’ become the base to begin the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’ because on 31st March 1930, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands out of which some were of general interest and some of were specific demands of different classes.

The demands were wide ranging in order to bring together everyone under a united campaign. The most important demand was to abolish the salt tax as it was the most important item in food that is consumed by both rich and poor.

Q3. Who had designed the ‘Swaraj flag’ by 1921? Explain the main features of the ‘Swaraj flag’.

Ans : A tricolor Swaraj flag was designed by Gandhiji in the year 1921.

The main features of this Swaraj flag was:

a. It was designed using the colours red, green and white.

b. A spinning wheel was in the centre of the flag which represented the Gandhi an ideal of self- help.

Q4. What type of flag was designed during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal? Explain its main features.

Ans : a. A tricolor swadeshi flag, using red, green and yellow was designed during the swadeshi movement in Bengal.

b. It had 8 lotuses for the representation of the 8 provinces,

c. It had a crescent moon for symbolizing the Hindus and the Muslims.

Q5. The plantation workers in Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj.’ Support the statement with arguments.

Ans : According to the Inland Emigration Act 1859, the plantation workers in Assam were not allowed to leave the tea garden.

Therefore, they also joined the Swaraj movement.

For the plantation workers in Assam, the notion of Swaraj was to get the right of free movement in and out of the confined space, retaining a link with the village from which they belong to and also they believed that in the Gandhi Raj they would be given land.

Q6. Simon Commission was greeted with slogan ‘Go Back Simon’ on arrival in India. Support this reaction of Indians with arguments.

Ans :Against the situation of countryside turmoil, the Tory government in Britain set up a commission named Simon Commission after the name of Sir John Simon to look into the constitutional system in India and suggest the changes needed.

There were no Indian members in this commission. In the year 1928, Simon Commission arrived in India and was greeted with the slogan ‘Simon go back’.

Q7. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slowdown in cities? Explain.

Ans :  The Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slowed down in towns and cities because

a. The khadi clothes were expensive which the poor people could not afford.

b. There was need for Indian institutions for the teachers, students and the lawyers but these were very slow to come up.

c. Thus once again people started using the mill made British clothes and the students, teachers and the lawyers joined back their respective institutions.

Q8. The circumstances which compelled Mahatma Gandhi to call off the Non- Cooperation Movement in 1930 were:

a. The Non-Cooperation Movement was turning violent in many places.

b. To train the Satyagrahis for mass struggle,

c. Some of the Congress leaders were not willing to continue the non-cooperation because they were tired of the mass struggle, wanted to participate in the council elections and they wanted to criticize the British policies within the council.

Q9. How did women participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.

Ans : Women participated in large scale in the Civil Disobedience Movement during the Salt March by Gandhiji. They belonged to the high caste families from the urban areas and rich peasant households from the rural areas. For them it was a sacred duty to serve the nation.

Q10. Explain any three problems faced by the peasants of Awadh.

Ans : The three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh in the days of Non-Cooperation Movement were:

a. They demanded very high rents and other cesses from the peasants.

b. The peasants were bound to work at landlord’s farm without any payment.

c. Peasants had to do begar, no security of tenure and also they were evicted regularly so that they could not acquire right over the leased land.

Q11. Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement with great apprehension? Explain.

Ans :Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement after the Second Round Table Conference due to the following reasons:

 When Mahatma Gandhi went for the round table conference in December 1931, he returned disappointed as the negotiations broke down.

He discovered a new cycle of repression by the British. The important Congress leaders were in jail and meetings, demonstrations and boycotts were prevented.

Q12. How was Rowlatt Act opposed by the people in India? Explain with examples.

Ans :  Rowlatt Act opposed by the people in India. The three examples are:

a. A non-violent Civil Disobedience was planned against this act which would start with a strike on 6th April 1919.

b. Against the Rowlatt Act, rallies were organized, the railway workshop workers went on strike and the shops were closed down.

c. On 13th April 1919, huge crowd was gathered in the Jallianwalla Bagh.

Q13. How did colonial government react as the Civil Disobedience Movement spread in the country? Explain any three points.

 Ans : The following are the ways in which the Colonial government reacted as the Civil Disobedience movement spread in the country.

a. To suppress the nationalist the British administration picked up the local leaders and barred Gandhiji from entering Delhi.

b. Martial law was imposed.

c. The Satyagrahis were forced to rub their nose on the ground, crawl on streets and do salute to all the Sahibs, people were beaten up and villages were bombed.

Q14. Explain the effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front.

Ans : The three effects of the Non-Cooperation Movement on the economy of India were:

a. Foreign goods boycotted, liquor shops picketed, foreign clothes were burnt.

b. Import of the foreign clothes reduced by half, the value of import dropped, merchants and traders refused the trade of foreign goods.

c. Production of Indian mills and handloom rose.

Q15. Describe briefly any three economic effects of NonCooperation Movement.

 Ans : The three effects of the Non-Cooperation Movement on the economy of India were:

 a. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed, foreign clothes were burnt.

b. Import of the foreign clothes reduced by half, the value of import dropped, merchants and traders refused the trade of foreign goods.

c. Production of Indian mills and handloom rose.