Important terms and Personalities -Class 10 – Social Science – History -1 : The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Class 10 – Social Science – History – Important terms and Personalities – 1 : The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Important terms

1. Absolutist – Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. in history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.

2. Utopian – A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.

3. Plebiscite – A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

4. Conservatism – A political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change.

5. Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German States.The union abolished tariff barriers and reduce the number of currencies from over thirty to two.

6. Romanticism – A cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of Nationalist sentiment.

7. Liberalism derived from the Latin root liber meaning free.

8. Junkers – Important personalities and Large landowners of Prussia.

Important Personalities

1. Mazzini – Mazzini is known for his noble efforts to achieve the unification of Italy. he is regarded as the spiritual force behind the Italian unification.he started the movement known as the Young Italy. He inspired the youths of not only Italy but of whole Europe to fight for freedom.

2. Garibaldi – He is known as the physical force or the Sword of Italy. He, with Mazzini launched the young Italy movement for the unification of Italy. He involved The sardinian sailors to Revolt in 1835 A.D.

3. Cavour- The real credit for the unification of Italy goes to cavour, who became the Prime Minister of sardinia in 1852 A.D. He, then dedicated himself, his body and soul together, to achieve his goal of independence and unification of Italy.

4. Bismarck – He played the most important role in the unification of Germany,his policy of blood and iron was mainly responsible.

Meaning of symbols