Short Notes with example -Lab Exercises – Computer science – NCERT- Class 9

Notes with example -Lab Exercises – Computer science – NCERT- Class 9

Browser Settings for a Secure Connection:

◆Ensure your browser is up to date with the latest security patches.

◆Enable HTTPS for secure connections to websites by default.

◆Configure privacy settings to block third-party cookies and prevent tracking.

◆Use a password manager to generate and store strong, unique passwords for online accounts.

◆Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) whenever possible to add an extra layer of security.

Example: Open your web browser (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge) and navigate to the settings menu. Enable the option for HTTPS by default to ensure secure connections to websites. You can also configure privacy settings to block third-party cookies and enable two-factor authentication (2FA) for added security.

Working with the Operating System: Navigation of the File System:

◆Use the mouse to click on icons, folders, and files to navigate the file system.

◆Use keyboard shortcuts such as Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+X (cut), Ctrl+V (paste), and Ctrl+S (save) to perform common file management tasks.

◆Create folders, rename files, and delete files using the mouse or keyboard.

Example: Using your operating system’s file explorer (e.g., Windows File Explorer, macOS Finder, or Linux Nautilus), navigate to a folder containing files. Use the mouse to click on files to select them, and use keyboard shortcuts such as Ctrl+C to copy and Ctrl+V to paste files.

Word Processing: Create Various Documents:

Create a text document: Open a word processor and start typing your document.

Open Microsoft Word and start typing your document. Save it as “MyTextDocument.docx”.

Create a letter: Format the document with a header containing the sender’s address, date, recipient’s address, salutation, body, closing, and signature.

Format the document with your address, date, recipient’s address, salutation, body, closing, and signature. Save it as “LetterToFriend.docx”

Create a report: Organize the document with headings, subheadings, paragraphs, bullet points, and numbered lists.

Organize the document with headings, subheadings, paragraphs, bullet points, and numbered lists. Save it as “ProjectReport.docx”.

Create a greeting card: Use a template or design your own layout with graphics, text, and decorative elements.

Design a layout with graphics, text, and decorative elements. Save it as “BirthdayCard.docx”.

Create a Text Document Describing a Concept:

◆Choose a concept taught in another course (e.g., physics, biology, history).

◆Write a descriptive document explaining the concept with text and figures.

◆Insert images, diagrams, or charts to illustrate key points.

Example: Write a document describing the concept of photosynthesis, including text explanations and diagrams illustrating the process of how plants convert sunlight into energy. Save it as “PhotosynthesisExplanation.docx”.

Basic Organization of a Computer:

 CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data.

Memory: Stores data and instructions temporarily for the CPU to access quickly. Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).

Input/Output Devices: Allow users to input data and receive output from the computer. Examples include keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and scanners.

Hard Disk: Stores data permanently on magnetic disks or solid-state drives.

Example: Create a text document explaining the basic organization of a computer, including sections on the CPU, memory, input/output devices, and hard disk. Save it as “ComputerOrganizationExplanation.docx”.

Create a Text Document in an Indian Language:

◆Install language support for the Indian language of your choice in your word processor.

◆Use the language settings to switch the keyboard layout and input text in the desired Indian language.

◆Write a document in the Indian language, incorporating text and possibly images or symbols.

Example: Install language support for Hindi in your word processor and write a document in Hindi discussing a topic of your choice. Save it as “HindiDocument.docx”.

Create a Presentation:

◆Choose a topic and outline the main points of your presentation.

◆Create slides with titles, bullet points, images, and possibly charts or diagrams to convey information.

◆Use consistent formatting and design elements throughout the presentation.

Example: Using Microsoft PowerPoint, create a presentation on “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence” with slides covering topics such as definition, applications, and future trends. Save it as “AI_Presentation.pptx”.

Create a Presentation with Animation:

◆Add animation effects to slides to enhance visual appeal and engagement.

◆Use entrance, exit, and emphasis animations to control the appearance of text, images, and other elements.

◆Preview the presentation to ensure animations are applied correctly and enhance the overall flow.

Example: Create a presentation on “Solar System” with animated slides showcasing the orbits of planets around the sun and their moons. Add entrance and exit animations to simulate planet movements. Save it as “SolarSystemPresentation.pptx”.

Include Existing Images/Pictures in a Presentation:

◆Insert images or pictures from files into slides to complement textual content.

◆Position and resize images as needed to fit the layout of the slide.

◆Use high-quality images with appropriate resolution for clarity and visual impact.

Example: Insert images of planets obtained from NASA into your “Solar System” presentation slides to visually represent each planet. Save it as “SolarSystemPresentation_Images.pptx”.

Animate Pictures and Text with Sound Effects in a Presentation:

◆Apply animation effects to pictures and text to create dynamic slide transitions.

◆Add sound effects to slides to enhance presentations with audio cues or narration.

◆Time animations and sound effects to synchronize with slide transitions and content delivery.

Example: Add sound effects of space exploration to your “Solar System” presentation, synchronized with slide transitions and animations. Save it as “SolarSystemPresentation_Sound.pptx”.

Create a Simple Spreadsheet and Perform Operations:

◆Open a spreadsheet program and create a new worksheet.

◆Enter numerical data into cells to create a dataset.

◆Use functions such as MIN, MAX, SUM, and AVERAGE to calculate statistics based on the data.

Example: Open Microsoft Excel and create a worksheet with a dataset of monthly expenses. Use functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, and MAX to calculate total expenses, average spending, and minimum/maximum costs.

Create Different Types of Charts Using a Spreadsheet:

◆Select the dataset you created and insert a chart.

◆Choose the appropriate chart type (line, bar, area, pie) based on the data and the message you want to convey.

◆Customize the appearance of the chart with titles, labels, colors, and other formatting options to enhance clarity and visual appeal.

Example: Select the dataset of monthly expenses in Excel and create various charts, including a line chart to track spending over time, a bar chart to compare expenses across categories, an area chart to show cumulative expenses, and a pie chart to visualize the distribution of expenses by category.